The Effects Of Television Violence On Children Essay Example For Students

The Effects Of Television Violence On Children Essay The Effects of Television Violence on Children Children and Television Violence, What has the world come to these days? It often seems like everywhere one looks, violence rears its ugly head. We see it in the streets, back alleys, school, and even at home. The last of these is a major source of violence. In many peoples living rooms there sits an outlet for violence that often goes unnoticed. It is the television, and the children who view it are often pulled into its realistic world of violence scenes with sometimes devastating results. Much research has gone into showing why children are so mesmerized by this big glowing box and the action that takes place within it. Research shows that it is definitely a major source of violent behavior in children. The research proves time and time again that aggression and television viewing do go hand in hand. The truth about television violence and children has been shown. We will write a custom essay on The Effects Of Television Violence On Children specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Some are trying to fight this problem. Others are ignoring it and hoping it will go away. Still others dont even seem to care. However, the facts are undeniable. The studies have been carried out and all the results point to one conclusion: Television violence causes children to be violent and the effects can be life long. The information cant be ignored. Violent television viewing does affect children. The effects have been seen in a number of cases. In New York, a 16-year-old boy broke into a cellar. When the police caught him and asked him why he was wearing gloves he replied that he had learned to do so to not leave fingerprints and that he discovered this on television. In Alabama, a nine-year-old boy received a bad report card from his teacher. He suggested sending the teacher poisoned candy as revenge as he had seen on television the night before. In California, a seven-year-old boy sprinkled ground-up glass into the lamb stew the family was to eat for dinner. When asked why he did it he replied that he wanted to see if the results would be the same in real life as they were on television (Howe 72). These are certainly startling examples of how television can affect the child. It must be pointed out that all of these situations were directly caused by children watching violent television. Not only does television violence affect the childs youth, but it can also affect his or her adulthood. Some psychologists and psychiatrists feel that continued exposure to such violence might unnaturally speed up the impact of the adult world on the child. This can force the child into a kind of premature maturity. As the child matures into an adult, he can become bewildered, have a greater distrust towards others, a superficial approach to adult problems, and even an unwillingness to become an adult (Carter 14). Television violence can destroy a young childs mind. The effects of this violence can be long lasting, if not never-ending. For some, television at its worst, is an assault on a childs mind, an insidious influence tat upsets moral balance and makes a child prone to aggressive behavior as it warps his or her perception of the real world. Other see television as an unhealthy intrusion into a childs learning process, substituting easy pictures for the discipline of reading and concentrating and transforming the young viewer into a hypnotized non thinker (Langone 48). As you can see, television violence can disrupt a childs learning and thinking ability which will cause life long problems. If a child cannot do well in school, his or her whole future is at stake. Why do children like the violence that they see on television? Since media violence is much more vicious than that which children normally experience, real-life aggression appears bland by comparison (Dorr 127). The violence on television is able to be more exciting and enthralling than the violence that is normally viewed on the streets. .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a , .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a .postImageUrl , .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a , .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a:hover , .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a:visited , .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a:active { border:0!important; } .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a:active , .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f4450a46035683d901dc13455e7700a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ferdinand Marcos Essay Instead of just seeing a police officer handing a ticket to a speeding violator, he can beat the offender bloody on television. However, children dont always realize this is not the way thing are handled in real life. They come to expect it, and when they dont see it the world becomes bland and in need of violence. The children then can create the violence that their mind craves. The television violence can cause actual violence in a number of ways. As explained above, after viewing television violence the world becomes bland in comparison. The child needs to create violence to keep himself satisfied (Dorr 127). Also the children find the violent characters on television fun to imitate. Children do imitate the behavior of models such as those portrayed in television, movies, etc. They do so because the ideas that are shown to them on television are more attractive to the viewer than those the viewer can think up himself (Brown 98). This has been widely seen lately with the advent of the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers. Young children cannot seem to get enough of these fictional characters and will portray them often. Another reason why television violence causes violence in children is apparent in the big cities. Aggressive behavior was more acceptable in the city, where a childs popularity rating with classmates was not hampered by his or her aggression (Huesmann 166). In the bigger cities, crime and violence is inevitable, expected and, therefore, is left unchecked and out of line. Much research into the topic of children and television violence has been conducted. All of the results seem to point in the same direction. There are undeniable correlations between violent television and aggression. This result was obtained in a survey of London schoolchildren in 1975. Greensberg found a significant relationship between violence viewing and aggression (Dorr 160), In Israel 74 children from farms were tested as well as 112 schoolchildren from the city of Tel Aviv. The researchers found that the city children watched far more television than their farmland counterparts. However, both groups of children were just as likely to choose a violent program to watch when watching television. The city children had a greater tendency to regard violent television programs as accurate reflections of real life than the farm children. Likewise, the city boys identified most with characters from violent programs than did those living on the farms (Huesmann 166). The government also did research in this area. They conducted an experiment where children were left alone in a room with a monitor playing videotape of other children at play. Soon, things got out of handO and progressive mayhem began to take place. Children who had just seen commercial violence accepted much higher levels of aggression than other children. The results were published in a report. OA Sergon Generals report found some preliminary indications of a casual relationship between television viewing and aggressive behavior in children (Langone 50). In other research among U.S. children it was discovered that aggression, academic problems, unpopularity with peers and violence feed off each other. This promotes violent behavior in the children (Huesmann 166). The child watches violence, which causes aggression. The combination of aggression and continued television viewing lead to poor academic standings as well as unpopularity. These can cause more aggression and a vicious cycle begins to spin. In yet another pieces, if research children who watch a lot of violent television were compared to children who dont. The results were that the children who watched more violent television were more likely to agree that its okay to hit someone if you are mad at them for a good reason. The other group learned that problems can be solved passively, through discussion and authority (Cheyney 46). .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308 , .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308 .postImageUrl , .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308 , .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308:hover , .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308:visited , .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308:active { border:0!important; } .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308:active , .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308 .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf8856daecb6aef2c2ad9953086a9b308:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Creative Writing Narrative Essay The most important aspect of violence in television is preventing it. There are many ways in which it can be prevented, but not often are many carried out. These solutions are easy to implement, but are often overlooked because of commercial purposes. One such solution is to create conflict without killing. Michael Landon, who starred in and directed Little House on the Prairie, managed to do so in his programs. His goal was to put moral lessons in his show in an attempt to teach while entertaining. On the program Hill Street Blues the conflicts are usually personal and political matters among the characters. Although some violence does occur, the theme is not the action, but rather its consequences (Cheyney 49). Perhaps the most important way to prevent children from watching television violence is to stop it where it starts. The parents should step in and turn the set off when a violent program comes on. The parents are the childs role models from which he learns. If he can learn at an early age that violence on television is bad, then he can turn the set off for himself when he is older. Education should start at home. Fixing the problems of children and television violence isnt easy. There are many factors that have to be considered and people to be convinced. This problem will, no doubt, never go away and continue to get worse as the years go by. However, there are measures that can be taken to prevent the children from ever being exposed to such things. After all, whats the world going to be like when the people who are now children are running the world? Works Cited Langone, John. Violence. Boston: Little, Brown and Co. , 1984. Cheyney, Glenn Alan. Television in American Society. New York: Franklin Watts Co. , 1983. Howe, Michael J. A. Television and Children. London: New University Education, 1977. Husemann, L. Rowell. Social Channels Tune TVs effects. Science News 14 Sept. 1985: 166. Door, Palmer. Children and the Faces of Television. New York: Academic Press, 1980. Carter, Douglass. TV. Violence and the Child. New York: Russel Sage Foundation, 1977.

Predynastic Egypt Timeline and Definition

Predynastic Egypt Timeline and Definition The Predynastic period in Egypt is the name archaeologists have given to the three thousand years before the emergence of the first unified Egyptian state society. Scholars mark the beginning of the predynastic period somewhere between 6500 and 5000 BC when farmers first moved into the Nile valley from Western Asia, and the ending at approximately 3050 BC, when the dynastic rule of Egypt began. Already present in northeastern Africa were cattle pastoralists; the emigrant farmers brought sheep, goats, pigs, wheat and barley. Together they domesticated the donkey and developed simple farming communities. Chronology of the Predynastic Early Predynastic (Badarian) (ca 5000-3900 BC)Middle Predynastic (Nagada I or Amratian) (ca 3900-3650 BC)Late Predynastic (Nagada II or Gerzean) (ca 3650-3300 BC)Terminal Predynastic (Nagada III or Proto-Dynastic) (ca 3300-3050 BC) Scholars typically divide the predynastic period, as with most of Egyptian history, into upper (southern) and lower (northern) Egypt. Lower Egypt (Maadi culture) appears to have developed farming communities first, with the spread of farming from the Lower Egypt (north) to the Upper Egypt (south). Thus, the Badarian communities predate the Nagada in Upper Egypt. Current evidence as to the origin of the rise of the Egyptian state is under debate, but some evidence points to Upper Egypt, specifically Nagada, as the focus of the original complexity. Some of the evidence for the complexity of the Maadi may be hidden beneath the Nile deltas alluvium. The Rise of the Egyptian State That development of complexity within the predynastic period led to the emergence of the Egyptian state is inarguable. But, the impetus for that development has been the focus of much debate among scholars. There appears to have been active trade relationships with Mesopotamia, Syro-Palestine (Canaan), and Nubia, and evidence in the form of shared architectural forms, artistic motifs, and imported pottery attests to these connections. Whatever specifics were in play, Stephen Savage summarizes it as a gradual, indigenous process, stimulated by intraregional and interregional conflict, shifting political and economic strategies, political alliances and competition over trade routes. (2001:134). The end of the predynastic (ca 3050 BC) is marked by the first unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, called Dynasty 1. Although the precise way in which a centralized state emerged in Egypt is still under debate; some historical evidence is recorded in glowing political terms on the Narmer Palette. Archaeology and the Predynastic Investigations into the Predynastic had their start in the 19th century by William Flinders-Petrie. The most recent studies have revealed the extensive regional diversity, not just between Upper and Lower Egypt, but within Upper Egypt. Three principal regions are identified in Upper Egypt, centered on Hierakonpolis, Nagada (also spelled Naqada) and Abydos. Predynastic Sites    Adaà ¯ma   Hierakonpolis   Abydos  Gebel Manzal el-Seyl Herbal Wines of Ancient Egypt illustrates trade connections between predynastic Egypt and the Levant region of the near east. Sources On Michael Brasss The Antiquity of Man site, youll find the complete text of Kathryn Bards 1994 paper in the JFA cited below. Bard, Kathryn A. 1994 The Egyptian Predynastic: A Review of the Evidence. Journal of Field Archaeology 21(3):265-288. Hassan, Fekri 1988 The Predynastic of Egypt. Journal of World Prehistory  2(2):135-185. Savage, Stephen H. 2001 Some Recent Trends in the Archaeology of Predynastic Egypt. Journal of Archaeological Research 9(2):101-155. Tutundzic, Sava P. 1993 A Consideration of Differences between the Pottery Showing Palestinian Characteristics in the Maadian and Gerzean Cultures. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 79:33-55. Wenke, Robert J. 1989 Egypt: Origins of Complex Societies. Annual Review of Anthropology 18:129-155.

Ethical Dilemmas Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Dilemmas - Case Study Example Valerie Young took the decision because of her dilemma related to the harm or consequences of whistleblowing. According to the ‘Utilitarian Principle’ of the ‘Balanced Interests Principles’, Valerie Young seemed to consider that after the completion of her educational course, the consequences will be minimized or rather she would have greater opportunity to face the challenges occurred after her whistleblowing. She was also concerned about the effects of her whistleblowing on her team members and to the organization as a whole which would also be reduced by the period. This reflects her concern to the benefit of the highest numbers which again depicts her ethical dilemmas to be partially influenced by the ‘Utilitarian Principle’ (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2007). Valerie Young was also facing stress in terms of ethical dilemmas regarding the unethical behavior of her boss and the probable consequence which he might be facing after she blows the whistl e. She also considered the possible measures to be undertaken by the organizational leaders regarding the fact, when it was unambiguously mentioned in the company policies that any kind of bribery or unethical practices illustrating kickbacks would not be entertained. However, while considering the facts, Valerie Young proved to be equitable. That is, she tended to be focused on the equitable characteristics of her boss, rather than his arbitrary characteristics, such as gender, age and others. Thus, it is quite apparent that the ethical dilemmas faced by Valerie Young also depicted her consideration to the ‘Distributive Justice Principle’ as her ‘Concern for Other Principles’ (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2007). 2.0. If You Were Valerie, What Would You Do? Ethical decision making of an individual largely depends... Ethical decision making of an individual largely depends upon the principles identified in the previous discussion of the paper. In this case, Valerie Young can be observed to undergo a few ethical dilemmas which are often termed to be a common reflection of human conscience while facing ethical challenges. Considering the above described ethical principles which are considered by individuals during their decision making regarding whistleblowing, it can be stated that Valerie Young’s actions were quite logical. However, the steps taken were not entirely ethical as it hampered the sustainability of the organisation and also affected the work culture to a large extent. Moreover, her prime focus was not to disturb her personal interests despite her awareness regarding the probable consequences to be faced by the organization, which again reflected an unethical behavior from Valerie Young’s end. Therefore, in this case both Valerie Young’s boss, Mr. Lionel Watersâ₠¬â„¢ and Valerie Young’s behavior can be recognized as unethical from the organizational perspective (Dench, 2006). Instead of securing the secrets to herself, Valerie Young could have conveyed it to the higher authorities of the company. As a marketing manager she had the liberty to convey any of her problems to the senior members of the organization. In this case, she could have utilized her right to convey the matter to the members of the board.

Strategic Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Strategic Human Resource Management - Essay Example The discussion provides recommendations on how organizations should align their strategies to achieve excellence. Competitive advantage and Life cycle models explore the link between the set business strategy and the policies and practices within the human resource department. Comparing and contrasting lifecycle model and competitive advantage is essential in terms of their similarities and differences with respect to HRM. Competitive advantage model includes differentiation as a way of achieve unique feature that can be of valued to the buyers. The resources that give a firm a competitive advantage should have value. Life cycle model encompasses all the relevant stages demonstrate the growth or maturity stage of a firm. For the HRM to have a gain competitive advantage, the policies and practices must be in keeping with the development stage in the life cycle model (Rees and Smith, 2014). The viability of human resource depends on how well the differentiated products are in tandem with the industry demands (Johnson, Scholes, and Whittington, 2002). Therefore, competitive advantage and life-cycle models help to shape the HRM policies and practices in response to industry demands in different life cycle stages. Competitive advantage and life cycle models cannot be applied in isolation. A mature organization requires cost leadership and differentiation to survive in the industry. The viability of a firm to sustain competitive advantage stems from attaining maturity. Boxall and Purcell (2011) argue that a firm may set out to be the best in the industry by focusing on cost and product differentiation but it must have reached the maturity stage to position itself well in the market. The organization must be mindful of the lifecycle stages to initiate a change in the tactics used to approach the market. The HRM practices are geared towards reducing competition and offering products that are cost effective for all customers (Marchington and Wilkinson,

IGCSE English Essay on Global Essay Example for Free

IGCSE English Essay on Global Essay I recently read your essay about global warming stating that humans have not contributed to its existence. I believe that it is important to study both sides of this argument thoroughly before drawing a conclusion. Although you cleverly wrote an essay based on a couple of hand-picked facts, there is still another side of the issue which is yet to be told. I believe that global warming is a problem which has arisen due to the careless actions of humanity. Does denying global warming’s existence mean that humans can continue with their wasteful ways? After all of the arguments, debating, and disagreements, is global warming real? Its existence is undeniable. The real question is, are human-beings the cause of global warming? Imagine having to separate your garbage into 3 different boxes rather than 1. This simple task would undoubtedly require a bit more effort on our behalf, and to be frank, no one likes to do extra work. We fail to believe that global warming is caused by us knowing that we would have to make changes in our lifestyles that could potentially require more effort. Was it in elementary school that we learned about the water cycle, about how one thing affects the next? Similarly, global warming is but a chain of events in which humans are heavily involved. People cannot simply burn immense quantities of fossil fuels in hopes that there will be no after-effects. In fact, the repercussions of all of this industrialization can be seen through the form of air pollution which consists of carbon dioxide (CO2). Factories burn fossil fuels and simultaneously release pollutants in the air; hence, man-made CO2 is formed. Since the pre-industrial era, man-made CO2 has increased by a third with a consequential change in global temperatures. By creating this man-made CO2, the carbon cycle has been disrupted and the excess CO2 is becoming cumulative. As a result, the natural carbon exchange is unable to absorb this additional carbon dioxide. We are unable to see the truth even when it is right before us. Only a crazy person would think that global temperatures are the same as they were 100 years ago. Statistics show that the average global temperatures in the 1880s were approximately 14 degrees Celsius. Global temperatures within the past decade have been climbing as high as 15 degrees Celsius. Throughout the years, the rate of warming has increased, and to most people’s horror, has occurred within the span of a few decades. Scientists have not been fretting over a minor global temperature change, but the fact that temperatures have increased during such a short period of time. The famous Medieval Warming Period occurred from 700 AD to 1250. The drastic temperature increases occurred within approximately 4 centuries. Comparatively, global temperatures have risen by over 1 degree Fahrenheit within a single century. Surely you can see the severity of the situation within these simple statistics. The world is changing. Humans continue to alter the planet’s self-regulating systems, and these actions will be reflected by the lack of resources in the future. Some have dedicated their entire lives to the study of global warming in order to prove that it is very much existant, and not the myth which it is perceived to be. The main cause behind all of these changes is carbon emissions. Carbon emissions have been high enough to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to current levels of approximately 390 parts per million. This is an increase of 75 parts per million from 1960 when it was estimated at 315 parts per million. We are exhausting the Earth’s atmosphere and tampering with what was supposed to remain untouched. In your essay about global warming, you stated that â€Å"temperatures declined from 1940 to 1980† and â€Å"by the 1990’s temperatures appeared to have reversed†. However, it can be observed from global climate charts that the temperatures between 1940 and 1980 were, as a matter of fact, fluctuating. On the other hand, temperatures from 1980 to present day have only increased and have shown absolutely no signs of cooling. In other words, the global temperatures in 1940 to 1980 were not declining, but were slightly rising and falling. Some may believe that global warming is yet another one of the world’s phases. If so, are they ready to abuse our planet until it finally exceeds exhaustion? Like everything else in the world, the Earth has its limits. By continually releasing large amounts of CO2 into the planet’s atmosphere, we are not only having an impact on global temperatures, but on nature as a whole. Temperatures will increase and glaciers will melt. The vast forms of wildlife in the Arctic will inevitably suffer due to this. Natural resources will eventually run out and when this happens, we will turn to nature for assistance. At that point, mankind will come to realize that nature does not have anything left to give us. The majority of the proof points to man-made CO2 being the reason for global warming. I believe that if mankind does not reduce the emission of CO2, the world will finally reach its limit and humanity will be left in a fragile situation with minimal resources. I thank you for listening to my outlook of the situation and look forward to hearing from you in due course.

Air Pollution :: essays research papers

What is Air Pollution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Air Pollution contamination of the atmosphere by gaseous, liquid, or solid wastes that can endanger the health of human beings, plants, and animals, or that can damage materials, reduce visibility, or produce undesirable odors. Air Pollution Statistics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every year, more than sixty-six million tons of poisonous gas is emptied into the air, twelve million tons of hydrocarbons1, six million tons of nitrogen oxides, one hundred fifty thousand tons of aldehydes2, and five hundred thousand tons of sulfur compunds. Approximately 80% of our air pollution comes from hydrocarbons released by vegetation. What Causes Air Pollution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Air pollution is caused by many things such as car fumes, burning of fossil fuels, furnaces. By letting all these gases release into the air, it makes it harder to breathe. Ozone can cause part of your lungs to close off and make it harder to breathe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The tall smokestacks used by industries and utilities do not remove pollutants but simply boost them higher into the atmosphere. These pollutants may then be transported over great distances, causing adverse effects such as acid rain in areas far from the emission site. The worldwide increase in the burning of coal and oil since the late 1940s has led to increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide. The resulting greenhouse effect has reduced the escape of infrared radiation from the earth, causing a possible global warming trend. The Prevention of Air Pollution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To cut down on all the pollution being released into the air, we have removed the pollutant before materials are used, removed the pollutant after it is formed, or altered the process to lower pollutant levels produced.

Analysis of ‘Ceremony’ By Leslie Marmon Silko Essay

If Native American community adopts the ethics of white traditions that regards them as less than human being, they begin to look down on themselves. In ‘Ceremony’ Leslie Marmon Silko visibly represents this dual bind sociology called internalized domination. ‘Ceremony’ is one of the most reflective and touching works of Native American literature, a story that is itself a ceremony of curative. Tayo, a World War II experienced person of combined lineage, comes back to the Laguna Pueblo stipulation. He is intensely frightened by his experience as a hostage of the Japanese and later offended by the negative response he came across from his community. Only by throwing himself in the Indian past can he can set in motion to get back the harmony that was taken away from him. Masterfully written, full of sober magnificence of Pueblo saga, ‘Ceremony’ is a use of lasting power. ‘Ceremony’ deals with the gender roles of three women are significant to the development of a character named Tayo who is half-white and half-Indian. These three women are Tayo’s birth mother, Auntie, and Old Grandma. His mother left him when he was four years old and that began his sense of emptiness and abandonment. She could not bear to raise a child that brought the reservation shame by her mistake. Auntie raised Tayo and was the mother figure he lacked. She had no problem accepting to take him, but only to conceal the shame of her younger sister. Auntie was always hesitant toward Tayo as he was not her real son and was also a half-breed. For Tayo, this only added to his feeling of displacement and emptiness. She would give her affection and attention to her real son Rocky, but would let Tayo just sit there alone. After the war Auntie nursed him because he was all she had left after Rocky got killed. He would wake up crying after dreaming about how much Josiah had loved him and always hugged him when he was a little child. Now he realized that there was no place left for him and he would never find peace. Auntie may have been a mother figure to him, but to Tayo she was just someone who looked after him. Old Grandma, unlike Auntie, does accept Tayo and wants what is best for him. When Auntie rejected the idea of a medicine doctor because he’s not full blood, Old Grandma got angry and said that he was her grandson and why should she care what they say anyway. She has been around for many years and doesn’t worry about what other people will say about Tayo or about their family. The significance of Montano to the novel, Ceremony is very powerful and vital to the recovery of Tayo. She lives up in the rim rock and is in touch with the earth and her surroundings in every way. Being torn between the white world and the Indian world is what leaves Tayo feeling invisible and hollow inside. Montano helps him to become more in touch with his Indian side and to feel the strength and power from the earth. She teaches him the importance of certain plants, flowers, and ceremonies and how they are significant to Indian culture and survival. Tayo falls in love with her, and through his love, he begins to feel alive again. He realizes that he does have a place and that he is not invisible to everyone and to his surroundings. When he is not with her, instead of the nightmares, she fills his dreams. He woke up one night and thought about the overpowering love he felt for her. He shed tears filled his eyes and the ache in his throat ran deep into his chest. Tayo no longer feels like a walking shadow, but finally a real person with feelings and emotions. It is through Montano that he discovers himself and ultimately is able to deal with being a half-breed in a changing world. When she finally leaves him, he is able to go on living and remembering all that she taught him. Conclusion: I really enjoyed this story. It was a great portrayal of how family might mistreat you just because you are a little different than them. Sometimes people can’t deal with the fact that a family member is only half of the race that they are. I would definitely recommend this book to others, especially to anyone who feels that they are secluded and have no friends just because they are bi-racial.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In ‘Ceremony’, the main character, ‘Tayo’ have to come to terms with himself and his near environment upon his come back from World War II. He is distressed from a sort of post disturbing anxiety disorder which has affected him bodily as well as psychologically due to the fact that he has lived as a prisoner of war in Japan. As a result, he must deal with all of the terrible memories when he comes back to stay with his family on the Laguna Pueblo reservation in New Mexico. To complex his problems, Tayo is half Native American and half Caucasian, so he should also deal with the extra pressures of the double culture. He is torn between the Native American world and the white world, and is unable to feel a secure refuge or belonging. Tayo’s friends and family think that they know the personality of and cure for Tayo’s sickness and depression; though it is only the Native American formal procedures which will really help him. He needs to observe the junction of life and actually realize the cyclical nature of his feelings and measures that he has faced. With the help and good judgment of Old Betonie, Tayo ultimately finds harmony in the Native American ceremonial even surrounded by all of the contradictions currently in America. In Ceremony, Leslie Marmon Silko exposes the many contradictions present in America today. Be it the government’s policies concerning Native Americans, the American model of courage, or the history which the children study in their classrooms, America is full of sarcasm and paradoxes. These inconsistencies do not in any way cut down the magnificence of America as a country, but to a certain extent serve to remind its people that we do not at all times keep in mind those who helped us turn out to be what we are at present. Silko’s novel is a legendary reminder for Americans to recognize our first true nationalized custom and keep in mind that the Native American tradition is still alive and well today. Silko has demonstrated that America has made blunders in the history, but undoubtedly has the power to put right those mistakes today. References Silko M, Leslie â€Å"Ceremony† Publisher: Penguin (Non-Classics); Rep edition (March 4, 1986). ISBN-13: 978-0140086836